Invasive plants are threats to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and services.Previous studies have reported that the impacts of biological invasions on ecosystem characteristics can be scale- and ecosystem-dependent.Current methods to assess the impacts of biological invasions have mainly SMARTBOND STEP 1 focused on traditional field observatio
Today, steganographic systems with multiple access are of considerable importance.In such sys-tems, the orthogonal Walsh-Hadamard transform is most often used for multiplexing and divid-ing channels, which leads to the need for efficient coding of the Walsh-Hadamard transform coefficients for the convenience of their subsequent embedding.The purpos
Deng Zang,1,2 Chao Niu,1 Haji Akber Aisa1 1Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Bobble Hats Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of S
This paper presents a novel fixed time sliding mode disturbance observer (FTSMDO) based second-order fixed time sliding mode control (FTSMC) for small scale unmanned helicopter to do hover operations in the presence of external disturbances.Sliding mode control is insensitive to matched uncertainties but sensitive to mismatched uncertainties.The no